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Gastonia (dinosaur)
''Gastonia'' is a genus of herbivorous ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of North America, around 125 million years ago. It is often considered a nodosaurid closely related to ''Polacanthus''. ''Gastonia'' has a sacral shield and large shoulder spikes. This dinosaur was found in the same quarry as ''Utahraptor'', the largest known dromaeosaurid. It was named after US palaeontologist Rob Gaston.
==Discovery and species==
Named and described by James Kirkland in 1998 from material recovered from 1989 in Grand County, Utah, more complete material exists for ''Gastonia'' than for any other basal ankylosaur. A wealth of disarticulated material from a bonebed presents problems as it can be hard to tell how many spikes a particular ''Gastonia'' actually had. ''Gastonia'' was named after Robert Gaston, the discoverer of the genus. Robert Gaston is a paleoartist, who makes a living from creating museum quality casts and replicas of fossils for private and public collections. The specific name honours museum director Donald Burge.〔Kirkland. J.I. 1998. "A polacanthine ankylosaur (Ornithischia: Dinosauria) from the Early Cretaceous (Barremian) of eastern Utah", In: S.G. Lucas, J.I. Kirkland, & J.W. Estep, (eds) ''Lower and Middle Cretaceous Terrestrial Ecosystems, New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin'' 14: 271-281〕
The type species, ''Gastonia burgei'', was found in rocks of the Cedar Mountain Formation (Yellow Cat Member), which has been dated to the Barremian, 126 million years ago.〔Kirkland, J.I. and Madsen, S.K. 2007. The Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation, eastern Utah: the view up an always interesting learning curve. Fieldtrip Guidebook, Geological Society of America, Rocky Mountain Section. 1-108 p.〕 The holotype is CEUM 1307, a skull of an adult individual. Many hundreds of additional disarticulated bones have been uncovered, from the Gaston Quarry and the Dalton Wells Dinosaur Quarry. In 1998, these included remains of at least five individuals. In 2004, the number of skulls was reported as four,〔Vickaryous M.K., Maryańska T., Weishampel D.B., 2004, "Ankylosauria". Chapter 17 in: Weishampel D.B., Dodson P., Osmólska H., editors. ''The Dinosauria''. 2nd ed. Berkeley (CA): University of California Press. p. 363–392〕 in 2014 this had risen to ten.〔James I. Kirkland, 2014, "The Nature of the Jurassic/Cretaceous (J/K) Unconformity and the Early Cretaceous of Eastern Utah" In: Jim Kirkland, John Foster, ReBecca Hunt-Foster, Gregory A. Liggett, and Kelli Trujillo (eds), ''Mid-Mesozoic: the Age of Dinosaurs in Transition, April 30 – May 5, 2014 Fruita, Colorado & Green River, Utah'' p. 62-63〕
In the late twentieth century a skeleton was mounted made of polyurethane casts of skeletal elements of various individuals. Distortions in the fossils were corrected and missing elements completed. This made ''Gastonia'' the first basal ankylosaurian dinosaur to have been mounted for display at the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, together with the related ''Gargoyleosaurus''.
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